11. HTML Tables

 

The HTML tables allow web authors to arrange data like text, images, links, other tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells.
The HTML tables are created using the tag in which the tag is used to create table rows and tag is used to create data cells.

Example

border="1"> Row 1, Column 1 Row 1, Column 2 Row 2, Column 1 Row 2, Column 2 This will produce following result:

Row 1, Column 1	Row 1, Column 2
Row 2, Column 1	Row 2, Column 2

Here border is an attribute of
tag and it is used to put a border across all the cells. If you do not need a border then you can use border="0".

Table Heading

Table heading can be defined using tag. This tag will be put to replace
tag, which is used to represent actual data cell. Normally you will put your top row as table heading as shown below, otherwise you can use
element in any row.

Example

border="1"> Name Salary Ramesh Raman 5000 Shabbir Hussein 7000 This will produce following result:

Name	Salary
Ramesh Raman	5000
Shabbir Hussein	7000

Cellpadding and Cellspacing Attributes

There are two attribiutes called cellpadding and cellspacing which you will use to adjust the white space in your table cells. The cellspacing attribute defines the width of the border, while cellpadding represents the distance between cell borders and the content within a cell.

Example

border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"> Name Salary Ramesh Raman 5000 Shabbir Hussein 7000 This will produce following result:

Name	Salary
Ramesh Raman	5000
Shabbir Hussein	7000

Colspan and Rowspan Attributes

You will use colspan attribute if you want to merge two or more columns into a single column. Similar way you will use rowspan if you want to merge two or more rows.

Example

border="1"> Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
rowspan="2">Row 1 Cell 1
Row 1 Cell 2Row 1 Cell 3 Row 2 Cell 2Row 2 Cell 3 colspan="3">Row 3 Cell 1
This will produce following result:

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
Row 1 Cell 1	Row 1 Cell 2	Row 1 Cell 3
	Row 2 Cell 2	Row 2 Cell 3
Row 3 Cell 1

Tables Backgrounds

You can set table background using one of the following two ways:

• bgcolor attribute - You can set background color for whole table or just for one cell.
• background attribute - You can set background image for whole table or just for one cell.

You can also set border color also using bordercolor attribute.

Example

border="1" bordercolor="green" bgcolor="yellow"> Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
rowspan="2">Row 1 Cell 1
Row 1 Cell 2Row 1 Cell 3 Row 2 Cell 2Row 2 Cell 3 colspan="3">Row 3 Cell 1
This will produce following result:

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
Row 1 Cell 1	Row 1 Cell 2	Row 1 Cell 3
	Row 2 Cell 2	Row 2 Cell 3
Row 3 Cell 1

Here is an example of using background attribute. Here we will use an image available in /images directory.

border="1" bordercolor="green" background="/images/test.png"> Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
rowspan="2">Row 1 Cell 1
Row 1 Cell 2Row 1 Cell 3 Row 2 Cell 2Row 2 Cell 3 colspan="3">Row 3 Cell 1
This will produce following result. Here background image did not apply to table's header.

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
Row 1 Cell 1	Row 1 Cell 2	Row 1 Cell 3
	Row 2 Cell 2	Row 2 Cell 3
Row 3 Cell 1

Table Height and Width

You can set a table width and height using width and height attrubutes. You can specify table width or height in terms of pixels or in terms of percentage of available screen area.

Example

border="1" width="400" height="150"> Row 1, Column 1 Row 1, Column 2 Row 2, Column 1 Row 2, Column 2 This will produce following result:

Row 1, Column 1	Row 1, Column 2
Row 2, Column 1	Row 2, Column 2

Table Caption

The caption tag will serve as a title or explanation for the table and it shows up at the top of the table. This tag is depracated in newer version of HTML/XHTML.

Example

border="1" width="100%"> This is the caption row 1, column 1row 1, columnn 2 row 2, column 1row 2, columnn 2 This will produce following result:

This is the caption

row 1, column 1	row 1, columnn 2
row 2, column 1	row 2, columnn 2

Table Header, Body, and Footer

Tables can be divided into three portions: a header, a body, and a foot. The head and foot are rather similar to headers and footers in a word-processed document that remain the same for every page, while the body is the main content holder of the table.
The three elements for separating the head, body, and foot of a table are:

• - to create a separate table header.
• - to indicate the main body of the table.
• - to create a separate table footer.

A table may contain several elements to indicate different pages or groups of data. But it is notable that and tags should appear before

Example

border="1" width="100%">

colspan="4">This is the head of the table

colspan="4">This is the foot of the table
Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 This will produce following result:

This is the head of the table
This is the foot of the table
Cell 1	Cell 2	Cell 3	Cell 4

Nested Tables

You can use one table inside another table. Not only tables you can use almost all the tags inside table data tag
.

Example

Following is the example of using another table and other tags inside a table cell.

border="1" width="100%"> border="1" width="100%"> Name Salary Ramesh Raman 5000 Shabbir Hussein 7000 This will produce following result:

Name	Salary
Ramesh Raman	5000
Shabbir Hussein	7000

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